插件名称	Whydonate
漏洞类型	访问控制漏洞
CVE 编号	CVE-2025-10186
紧急程度	低
CVE 发布日期	2026-02-09
来源网址	CVE-2025-10186

Broken Access Control in Whydonate (≤ 4.0.15) — What WordPress Site Owners Need to Know and Do Now

Published: 9 February 2026 — CVE-2025-10186. As a Hong Kong security practitioner with experience responding to WordPress incidents, this advisory explains the issue in plain language, assesses risk for site owners, shows how to detect and contain the problem, lists short-term mitigations you can apply immediately, and provides a longer-term hardening checklist. The vendor has released a fix in Whydonate 4.0.16.

执行摘要（TL;DR）

• A broken access control flaw in Whydonate (≤ 4.0.15) allows unauthenticated requests to trigger deletion of plugin-managed style/asset records via an exposed action endpoint.
• CVE: CVE-2025-10186. Fixed in Whydonate 4.0.16.
• Published CVSS: 5.3 — medium/low depending on context. Impact is primarily integrity; confidentiality & availability impacts are typically minimal for this bug.
• Immediate actions: Update Whydonate to 4.0.16. If you cannot update immediately, disable the plugin or apply mitigations such as blocking or virtual-patching the vulnerable action, restrict access to admin-ajax.php where feasible, monitor logs, and take backups.
• If you suspect exploitation: isolate the site, preserve logs, run malware and file integrity scans, and restore from a clean backup if necessary.

在此上下文中，“破损的访问控制”是什么意思？

Broken access control means the plugin executes a privileged action (here, deleting style/asset data) without properly verifying whether the requester is allowed to perform that action. Proper controls should include capability checks (e.g., current_user_can()), nonce verification for CSRF protection, and limiting actions to authenticated users or specific roles.

In Whydonate ≤ 4.0.15, an action hook (wp_wdplugin_style_rww) could be invoked by an unauthenticated HTTP request. The request handler lacked nonce/capability checks, so an attacker could craft a request that triggers the plugin’s deletion logic. That missing authorization check is the broken access control.

这很重要——现实世界的影响

• Deleted style entries can affect how donation forms and widgets render, causing visual breakage or removing asset references across pages.
• An attacker might chain this action with other weaknesses to escalate impact (for instance, if deletion triggers code paths that write files or change other plugin settings).
• Repeated or automated abuse can cause persistent site integrity issues and generate noise that distracts incident responders.
• Sites relying on Whydonate for donor-facing pages risk lost donations, broken forms, or poor UX until fixed.

Because the vulnerability targets a specific deletion action and does not directly disclose user data, confidentiality risk is low in most cases. The CVSS 5.3 score captures a moderate concern: remotely exploitable without authentication and able to alter site state, but not directly exposing credentials or system access.

Attack surface and likely attack vector (high-level)

• Target endpoint: WordPress AJAX/action endpoint used by the plugin (commonly admin-ajax.php or a front-end endpoint that maps the action name).
• Method: An attacker issues an HTTP request (GET/POST depending on the plugin) with parameter action=wp_wdplugin_style_rww (or the plugin-specific URL that triggers the function).
• Missing checks: The request handler does not validate a nonce or check current_user_can(), and does not otherwise restrict execution to authenticated/privileged users.
• Result: The deletion routine runs and removes style/asset rows or files managed by the plugin.

No reproducible exploit code will be published here; the guidance is defensive to help site owners detect, contain, and mitigate the issue.

Immediate detection — what to look for

If you run Whydonate (any site running ≤ 4.0.15), search logs for signs of this activity. Key indicators include:

1. Unusual admin-ajax.php requests
   • GET or POST requests where the 动作 SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Cookie "!@contains wordpress_logged_in_" "t:none" wp_wdplugin_style_rww.
   • Requests from external IPs without an authenticated user cookie.
2. Rapid or repeated requests
   • Automated scanning/exploitation attempts often generate many requests in quick succession.
3. Plugin data changes
   • Missing or altered plugin style records in the database (plugin-specific tables or wp_options).
   • Front-end pages where styles, CSS files, or widget display are broken or missing.
4. File or database change timestamps
   • Recent modifications to plugin files (unlikely but worth checking).
   • Deleted rows in plugin-managed tables.
5. User reports
   • Donors or visitors reporting broken donation forms or styling anomalies.

Log queries you can run (adapt to your environment):

• Web server logs: search for admin-ajax.php lines with action=wp_wdplugin_style_rww.
• WP access/error logs: monitor for 200/500 responses associated with those requests.

If you see requests matching that action and you have not yet updated the plugin, treat them as potentially malicious and follow the containment steps below.

立即修复步骤（站点所有者检查清单）

1. 更新插件 — Update Whydonate to version 4.0.16 or later. This is the only permanent fix.
2. 如果您无法立即更新
   • Temporarily disable the Whydonate plugin until you can update.
   • Or implement WAF-based virtual patching (see defensive rules below).
3. 备份。 — Take a snapshot/backup of files and the database before making changes.
4. 扫描是否存在被攻陷的迹象 — Run a full malware scan and file integrity check of your WordPress installation. Inspect plugin data for deleted records or corrupted settings.
5. 更换凭据 — As a precaution, rotate administrator passwords and any API keys associated with donation processing.
6. Monitor and harden — Enable request/logging for the endpoints described above and set alerts for further hits to the action name.
7. 通知利益相关者 — If donation pages were affected, inform internal stakeholders and donors as appropriate.

WAF mitigation options (generic, short-term)

If you use a WAF (self-managed or provided by a hosting/security provider), the following short-term mitigations can reduce risk while you update:

• Virtual patching: add a rule to block requests that call the vulnerable action parameter before the plugin code executes.
• Rate limiting: throttle requests to admin-ajax.php and other AJAX endpoints to disrupt scanning/exploitation.
• Request blocking by pattern:
  • 阻止请求，其中 action=wp_wdplugin_style_rww coming from unauthenticated sources.
  • Optionally require a valid WordPress authentication cookie or a custom header for sensitive requests.
• Behavioral detection: flag and block IPs sending repeated admin-ajax actions or scanning for plugin-specific action names.

Apply and test rules in a staging environment before rolling out to production. Overly aggressive rules can break legitimate plugin behavior — ensure authenticated flows remain functional after mitigation.

Example defensive WAF rule (conceptual)

The following examples are conceptual and must be adapted/tested for your environment.

# Apache/ModSecurity (conceptual)
# Block unauthenticated attempts to call Whydonate vulnerable action
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains admin-ajax.php" 
  "phase:1,deny,log,status:403,
   msg:'Blocked unauthenticated wp_wdplugin_style_rww action',
   chain"
  SecRule ARGS:action "@streq wp_wdplugin_style_rww" 
    "chain"
  SecRule &REQUEST_HEADERS:Cookie "@eq 0" 
    "id:1001001,rev:1,severity:2"

Nginx (conceptual): block GET/POST when query parameter action=wp_wdplugin_style_rww and there is no valid WordPress auth cookie. Implement using Lua, ModSecurity for Nginx, or your preferred WAF integration.

注意：

• The above rules are defensive and intentionally conservative; they block only unauthenticated calls to the specific action.
• Do not block legitimate authenticated plugin behavior after you update the plugin.
• Test thoroughly: overly aggressive rules can break legitimate functionality.

Hardening and configuration recommendations

Beyond immediate mitigations, adopt these practices to reduce plugin-level risk and improve overall WordPress security posture:

1. 保持一切更新 — Core, plugins, themes, PHP, and server packages. Patches fix code-level mistakes like missing authorization checks.
2. Minimize plugin footprint — Remove plugins you don’t actively use; each plugin increases attack surface.
3. 最小权限原则 — Limit administrator accounts. Use role separation and site-specific service accounts for integrations.
4. Enforce nonces and capability checks in custom code — If you or your developers write custom handlers for admin-ajax actions, always validate nonces and check current_user_can().
5. Restrict access to admin-ajax when feasible — If your site does not use front-end AJAX, restrict admin-ajax.php to authenticated users only (via WAF or conditional checks).
6. Harden file permissions and disable file edits — Set DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT and enforce secure filesystem permissions.
7. Maintain frequent backups and test restores — Backups are the fastest way to restore site integrity after destructive misuse.
8. 日志记录和监控 — Centralize logs, use alerts for unusual admin-ajax activity, and review plugin logs after patches.
9. Staging for testing updates — Test plugin updates in staging before applying to production.
10. Vendor/third-party vetting — Evaluate plugins for security practices, responsiveness to vulnerabilities, and update frequency.

If you suspect exploitation — incident response checklist

1. 隔离 — Temporarily disable the vulnerable plugin and, if necessary, put the site into maintenance mode.
2. 保留证据 — Preserve web server and application logs, database snapshots, and file system images.
3. 控制 — Block malicious IPs, apply WAF rules, and enforce temporary access restrictions.
4. 调查 — Look for indicators described earlier (admin-ajax requests, deleted plugin data). Check user accounts and recent admin activity for unauthorized changes.
5. 进行补救。 — Restore missing plugin data from verified clean backups if available. Update the plugin to 4.0.16 and all other components.
6. 根除 — Remove any persistence mechanisms left by an attacker (backdoors, rogue users, malicious scheduled tasks).
7. 恢复 — Re-enable services once integrity is validated and monitor intensively for recurrence.
8. 事件后审查 — Document root cause, time-to-detect, time-to-remediate, and improvements to detection/response.

If you use a hosting provider or security partner, ask them to assist with containment, virtual patching, and forensic data collection where appropriate.

Verifying the patch — how to confirm you’re protected

• Verify plugin version in WordPress admin → Plugins shows Whydonate 4.0.16 or later.
• Re-test the previously abused request pattern in a controlled staging environment to confirm the action is protected by nonce/capability checks.
• Confirm normal plugin functionality still works for authenticated users.
• Check logs for continued attempts invoking action=wp_wdplugin_style_rww. Continued attacks may occur, but successful execution should be prevented after patching.
• In clustered or multi-server setups, ensure the update is applied to all nodes.

Why automated protection and rapid response help during disclosures

Vulnerability disclosures attract automated scanners and opportunistic attackers. Rapid detection and short-term protections reduce risk while you schedule and test updates. Useful capabilities include:

• Virtual patching to block exploitation patterns until patching is complete.
• Rule updates and monitoring to detect and limit automated scanning activity.
• Rate limiting and IP reputation controls to slow automated attacks.
• Logging and alerting so your team can respond quickly.

Virtual patching is a stopgap, not a replacement for applying the official plugin update.

Communication to stakeholders and donors

If donation pages were disrupted, prepare a short, factual message for internal stakeholders and, where appropriate, donors:

• Explain the issue was due to a plugin vulnerability that has been fixed.
• Confirm whether donor personal and payment data were exposed (verify with payment processor logs).
• Describe remediation steps taken (plugin updated, protections applied).
• Reassure stakeholders on next steps to prevent recurrence.

Coordinate messages with legal/compliance teams if payment processing or donor PII could possibly have been affected.

Long-term practices to reduce plugin risk

• Use a plugin review checklist before installation: active installs, update cadence, changelogs, and support responsiveness.
• Subscribe to vulnerability feeds and alerts for plugins you use frequently.
• Maintain a staged rollout plan for plugin updates and a rollback procedure if an update breaks critical flows.
• Consider periodic security assessments or code reviews for business-critical plugins.

Final recommendations — immediate checklist

• Update Whydonate to version 4.0.16 now.
• If you cannot update immediately, disable the plugin or apply WAF rules blocking action=wp_wdplugin_style_rww.
• Backup files and database before making changes.
• Scan the site and review logs for admin-ajax requests invoking the vulnerable action.
• Rotate admin credentials and API keys used by the site.
• Apply long-term hardening measures (access restrictions, least privilege, staging updates).
• If uncertain or if you detect compromise, engage a WordPress security specialist to assist with containment, forensic analysis, and recovery.

Stay vigilant. Treat plugin updates and security alerts as high priority for public-facing donation pages. If you need help applying WAF rules, performing a forensic review, or restoring integrity after an incident, contact a qualified WordPress security specialist or your hosting provider for assistance.