发生了什么 — 针对网站所有者和管理员的摘要

在 Colibri 页面构建器插件中发现了一个存储型跨站脚本（XSS）漏洞，影响版本高达 1.0.345（含）。具有贡献者（或更高）权限的认证用户可以插入内容，该内容随后在前端呈现时未经过充分清理。由于该向量是存储的，恶意脚本保留在数据库中，并在受影响的短代码被呈现时在访问者的浏览器中执行。.

• 受影响的软件： WordPress 的 Colibri 页面构建器插件
• 易受攻击的版本： ≤ 1.0.345
• 修复于： 1.0.358
• CVE： CVE‑2025‑11747
• 所需权限： 贡献者
• 漏洞类别： 存储型跨站脚本攻击 (XSS)
• CVSS（报告）： CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L（约 6.5）

存储型 XSS 通常被低估。结合弱会话控制、权限提升或社会工程，存储型 XSS 可以实现账户接管、在您自己的域下进行网络钓鱼、驱动式恶意软件和内容操控。.

为什么这很重要 — 现实影响场景

存储型 XSS 是危险的，因为攻击者可以持久化有效负载并针对任何查看受影响页面的用户。现实结果包括：

• 对具有提升权限的用户的会话盗窃或令牌暴露（如果 cookies 或令牌未得到妥善保护）。.
• 恶意重定向或用户界面欺骗，以欺骗管理员执行敏感操作。.
• 插入后门、基于 JavaScript 的恶意软件或损害 SEO 和声誉的内容。.
• 通过社会工程进行升级 — 攻击者说服编辑或管理员查看或预览被破坏的内容。.

由于贡献者账户（通常用于客座作者或外部合作者）可以利用此向量，因此接受外部内容而没有严格审查的网站面临更高风险。.

攻击者如何（理论上）利用这一点

1. 攻击者注册或使用现有的贡献者账户。.
2. 他们创建或编辑包含易受攻击的短代码或由 Colibri 处理的短代码属性的内容，嵌入未经过适当清理的脚本有效负载。.
3. 内容被保存到 WordPress 数据库中。.
4. 当前端用户（访客、编辑或管理员）查看页面时，存储的有效负载在他们的浏览器上下文中运行。.
5. 有效负载可以窃取 cookies，将数据发送给攻击者，或执行受害者会话和浏览器上下文允许的操作。.

利用需要一个贡献者账户和用户交互（查看或预览页面）。它并不是在不同网站之间轻易传播的，但可以在单个网站内迅速武器化，并通过社会工程学进行升级。.

注意：此处未提供任何利用代码或有效负载。如果您正在对该问题进行分类，请在隔离的测试实例上进行，并遵循负责任的披露实践。.

每个网站所有者应立即采取的行动（按顺序）

1. 更新插件

   立即将 Colibri 页面构建器更新到版本 1.0.358 或更高版本。如果您有复杂的自定义，请在暂存环境中测试更新。如果暂存不可用，请在更新之前进行完整备份（数据库 + 文件）。.

2. 审核最近的内容和短代码

   在帖子、页面、小部件和帖子元数据中搜索不寻常的短代码模式和可疑属性。查找意外的 片段（有时是混淆的）或短代码中的可疑属性值。隔离或删除您不认识的贡献者插入的内容。.

3. 限制贡献者权限（临时缓解）

   暂时限制贡献者角色的权限，以防止添加或编辑短代码，或要求编辑审核后再发布。如果可能，撤销外部贡献者的访问权限，直到您完成更新和内容审核。.

4. 启用虚拟补丁 / WAF 规则

   如果您运营 Web 应用防火墙或使用托管安全服务，请启用检测和阻止特定短代码注入模式的规则。虚拟补丁减少了无法立即应用插件更新的网站的风险。.

5. 加固与监控

   在修复后强制注销特权账户的活动会话。审核最近的更改（用户创建、帖子编辑）并检查服务器日志以查找可疑活动。增加对管理页面和发布/预览操作的日志记录，以检测利用尝试。.

6. 清理与恢复

   从数据库中删除恶意内容（帖子、帖子元数据、选项）。如果立即清理不可行，请重置或禁用易受攻击的插件短代码。如果您怀疑泄漏，请撤销并重新发行 API 密钥或令牌。.

如何搜索您的网站以查找可能的恶意存储有效负载（安全方法）

首先使用只读搜索 — 在查看结果之前不要运行自动替换。.

示例 WP‑CLI 数据库查询（如有需要，请调整表前缀）：

wp db query "SELECT ID, post_title, post_type FROM wp_posts WHERE post_content LIKE '%[colibri%' LIMIT 200;"

搜索 postmeta 和选项：

wp db query "SELECT meta_id, post_id, meta_key, meta_value FROM wp_postmeta WHERE meta_value LIKE '%[colibri%' LIMIT 200;"

其他指导：

• 使用 WordPress 编辑器搜索可疑的短代码片段和文本小部件。.
• 使用基于正则表达式的扫描工具查找嵌入的 JavaScript：查找 javascript:、onerror=、onload=、<script 或编码片段，例如 <script。示例搜索正则表达式： (
• Be prepared for false positives; always review matches manually.

If you find malicious content, remove or sanitize it and keep an offline copy for forensic analysis.

Remediation checklist for administrators (detailed)

• Backup: Full site backup (files + DB) before remediation. Export flagged posts/pages for analysis.
• Update: Update Colibri Page Builder to 1.0.358 or later. Update WordPress core, plugins and themes while you’re at it.
• Scan and clean: Run a thorough malware scan (file system & database). Search and remove suspicious shortcodes and inline scripts. Replace or sanitize user‑supplied content that should not contain HTML/JS.
• Audit roles and users: Verify all user accounts. Disable or remove unknown users. Force password resets for Contributor and higher roles. Limit untrusted contributors until issue resolved.
• Harden editor workflow: Require editors to review contributor submissions. Consider stripping HTML from contributor submissions where possible.
• Monitoring: Enable activity logging for post create/update actions. Monitor front‑end errors and suspicious outbound requests.
• Incident response: If you detect exploitation, inform impacted users, rotate secrets (API keys, OAuth tokens), and consider professional forensic review for broader compromises.

Why a WAF (or virtual patching) matters for stored XSS

A Web Application Firewall provides an extra defensive layer while you deploy a vendor patch or perform content clean‑up. Typical WAF capabilities that help with stored XSS include:

• Virtual patching — targeted rules to block or sanitize requests and content patterns associated with the vulnerability (shortcode tokens, suspicious encodings, script fragments).
• Content scanning — automated scans to detect suspicious shortcode usage and inline script fragments in the database.
• Attack detection & alerts — notifications for administrators when likely exploitation attempts are observed.
• Least‑privilege guidance — configuration advice to limit the ability of low‑privilege users to submit shortcodes or raw HTML.

Virtual patching buys time if you cannot immediately update because of custom themes, staging limitations, or business processes. However, virtual patching is not a replacement for applying the vendor fix and cleaning stored content.

Practical example — rules and blocking approaches (conceptual)

Below are conceptual patterns for detection or blocking. These must be adapted and tuned to your environment to avoid false positives.

1. Block POST requests to admin endpoints (post.php, admin-ajax.php) that include both “[colibri” and script tokens such as “javascript:” or “onerror=”.
2. Sanitise or deny dangerous HTML tags in submissions from untrusted roles: <script>, <iframe>, <object> etc.
3. Monitor encoding tricks (e.g., <script or entity‑encoded payloads) and flag combinations of entities and suspicious tokens.

Conceptual ModSecurity‑style pseudo‑rule (illustrative only):

SecRule REQUEST_URI|ARGS_POST "@contains [colibri" "id:'900001',phase:2,deny,log,msg:'Possible Colibri shortcode XSS attempt',chain"
  SecRule REQUEST_BODY|ARGS_POST "@rx (javascript:|<script|onerror\s*=|onload\s*=|<)" "t:none"

Effective protection requires tuning and testing to avoid breaking legitimate content.

Safe triage: how to remove stored malicious content without breaking a site

1. Identify suspect content and export it first (offline copy).
2. Do not run blanket automated replacements — verify each item.
3. For posts/pages with shortcodes: edit and remove the shortcode content, replacing with a safe placeholder. If shortcode content is critical, export it and sanitize offline before reimport.
4. If many items are affected, consider disabling the plugin temporarily while cleaning.
5. After cleaning, re‑enable the plugin and test in staging before restoring to production.

Developer guidance — secure coding and hardening for shortcode handlers

• Always sanitize and escape output. Use appropriate WordPress escaping functions (esc_attr(), esc_html(), wp_kses_post(), etc.) according to context.
• Validate allowed input with whitelists for attributes and acceptable formats.
• Avoid permitting raw HTML in attributes that get rendered without escaping.
• Use nonce checks and capability checks in admin AJAX endpoints.
• Ensure only trusted roles can use shortcodes that accept HTML or scriptable content.
• Harden preview/publish workflows so potentially harmful content is reviewed before rendering to privileged users.

If you develop themes or plugins that integrate with this page builder, review your code paths to ensure untrusted content is not passed through without sanitization.

Detection guidance — what to watch for post‑remediation

• Unexpected content changes to pages or posts (especially by Contributors).
• New redirects or a spike in 404s followed by suspicious redirects.
• Browser dev tools showing outgoing requests to unknown third‑party domains when viewing pages.
• User reports of phishing or redirection after visiting site pages.
• Search engine or browser safety service warnings about malicious scripts.

If you detect signs of exploitation, take the site into maintenance mode, capture forensic snapshots, and follow recovery steps.

Hosting provider / agency checklist

• Inventory: identify all sites running the affected plugin and version.
• Prioritise: high‑traffic and admin‑heavy sites first.
• Automation: use a patch management process to push updates to staging and production after testing.
• Virtual patching: apply targeted WAF rules across affected sites to reduce exposure while updates are queued.
• Client communication: inform clients of the issue, remediation plan, and any potential service impact.
• Post‑remediation reporting: provide clients a summary of actions, findings, and recommended hardening.

Long term recommendations to reduce risk from third‑party plugins

• Maintain a plugin inventory and automated version tracking.
• Use staging for plugin updates and regression testing; avoid ad‑hoc live updates on production.
• Apply least privilege to user accounts; limit Contributor privileges where possible.
• Keep a content review process for external contributors and strip HTML from submissions if not needed.
• Remove unused plugins and themes, and perform periodic plugin audits.
• Monitor security advisories and vendor notices relevant to installed plugins.

What to do if you cannot update immediately

• Disable the plugin temporarily if it is non‑essential.
• If disabling is not possible:
  • Temporarily disable global shortcode rendering (this affects all shortcodes):

  <?php
  // Example: disable shortcode rendering globally (temporary)
  remove_filter('the_content', 'do_shortcode', 11);
  ?>

  • Restrict Contributor accounts and require editor review of all submissions.
  • Apply virtual patching rules at the WAF level to block likely exploit payloads while you prepare updates and clean content.
  • Conduct an urgent content audit and remove suspicious entries.

About responsible disclosure and CVE

This issue is tracked as CVE‑2025‑11747. When you discover similar vulnerabilities, follow responsible disclosure: notify the plugin vendor with sufficient reproduction details, avoid public exploit code until a patch is available, and coordinate disclosure to minimize harm.

Example incident timeline (how to manage an incident quickly)

1. Detection (0–1 hour): Scanner or WAF alert indicates suspicious shortcode content. Start an incident log.
2. Containment (1–3 hours): Enable WAF rules to block the pattern where possible. Restrict contributor access.
3. Investigation (3–12 hours): Identify affected pages, export suspicious content for safe review.
4. Eradication (12–48 hours): Remove malicious content, update plugin to 1.0.358, apply hardening.
5. Recovery (48–72 hours): Restore normal operations, monitor logs and user reports.
6. Lessons learned (within 1 week): Update processes, improve monitoring, and inform stakeholders.

Final recommendations — pragmatic priorities

1. Update Colibri Page Builder to 1.0.358 immediately.
2. Run a targeted content scan for shortcodes and inline scripts.
3. If you cannot update, restrict Contributor privileges and enable WAF/virtual patching.
4. Audit user accounts and sessions; force resets where appropriate.
5. Implement patching and monitoring processes to reduce future exposure windows.

If you need assistance

If you lack in‑house expertise, engage a reputable incident response or managed security provider to help with virtual patching, content cleanup, and forensic investigation. Prioritise providers with experience in WordPress incident response and database‑level remediation.