插件名稱	Paytium
漏洞類型	存取控制漏洞
CVE 編號	CVE-2023-7293
緊急程度	低
CVE 發布日期	2026-02-16
來源 URL	CVE-2023-7293

Broken Access Control in Paytium (≤ 4.3.7): What WordPress Site Owners Must Do Now

作者： 香港安全專家

日期： 2026-02-16

Summary: A broken access control vulnerability was disclosed in Paytium versions ≤ 4.3.7. Low‑privileged users (subscriber level) could call a function that lacked proper authorization checks. The developer released a fix in 4.4. This post explains the technical risk, how attackers might abuse it, how you can check whether your site is vulnerable, and immediate and longer‑term mitigations.

目錄

• 漏洞概述
• Technical background (what “missing authorization” means)
• 誰受到影響以及為什麼這很重要
• 現實攻擊場景
• 如何檢查您的網站是否存在漏洞
• 立即緩解措施（如果您無法立即更新）
• Developer guidance: how to fix the code properly
• WAF / virtual patch recommendations
• Incident response and remediation checklist
• How to prevent similar plugin issues going forward
• Final recommendations — a concise action plan

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漏洞概述

A broken access control issue was disclosed for the Paytium WordPress plugin affecting versions up to and including 4.3.7. The root cause: a function exposed via an AJAX/REST-style entry point did not enforce proper authorization checks (capability checks, nonce verification or both). As a result, low‑privilege accounts (reportedly subscriber level) could invoke that function and trigger logic intended for higher‑privilege users.

The plugin author released an update (4.4) that adds the necessary checks. If your site runs Paytium and hasn’t been updated to 4.4 or later, treat this as a priority to remediate.

Note: the CVSS score and “low” label reflect limited direct impact compared with remote code execution, but payment integrations are high‑value targets. Even small information leaks or integrity faults can be useful to attackers as part of larger, multi‑stage campaigns.

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Technical background — what “missing authorization” means

Broken access control covers missing or incorrect checks that gate access to functions, configuration, or data. In WordPress plugins, common causes include:

• Registering AJAX actions or REST endpoints without capability checks or without verifying a nonce.
• Using functions that assume the caller is an administrator (for example updating payment provider credentials) but not validating current_user_can() or using a permission callback for REST routes.
• Performing sensitive operations in response to public requests without validating request origin or user capabilities.

In this Paytium case the plugin exposes an action named (or equivalent to) check_mollie_account_details. Because it lacked proper authorization (missing nonce or missing 當前用戶可以 call, or both), an attacker controlling a low‑privilege account could call this endpoint and trigger behavior that should be limited to admins.

Missing authorization can be exploited in many ways depending on what the endpoint does. Even if the endpoint appears to only validate connectivity, it can reveal configuration state, cause outbound requests, or be used in chaining attacks and social engineering.

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誰受到影響以及為什麼這很重要

• Sites running Paytium plugin version 4.3.7 or earlier are affected.
• Any site where untrusted users can authenticate as “subscriber” or another low‑privilege role is at higher risk.
• Public sites that allow user registration permit attackers to create subscriber accounts and probe the endpoint.
• Multisite and membership sites with subscriber roles are particularly relevant.

為什麼這很重要：

• Payment integrations touch transaction flows and third‑party credentials.
• Attackers interacting with payment endpoints can confirm presence of API keys, mode (test/live), or webhook configuration.
• Broken access control is often a component in multi‑stage compromises — on its own it may be low risk but it can enable further attack steps.

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現實攻擊場景

The exact impact depends on the behavior of the vulnerable endpoint. Realistic abuses include:

1. Information reconnaissance

A subscriber account calls check_mollie_account_details and observes responses. The plugin may return structured information (success/failure, error messages, API scope) that helps confirm whether a valid Mollie API key is present, whether the site is in test or live mode, or whether webhooks are configured.

2. Abuse of external network interactions

If the endpoint triggers outbound HTTP requests (to Mollie or other services), attackers can cause the site to perform those requests. In advanced setups this may produce SSRF-like reconnaissance or simply create noise on the payment provider.

3. Configuration tampering (with other weaknesses)

If the check endpoint can be repurposed, or if another routine lacks checks, attackers may chain vulnerabilities to change settings or persist malicious input. Often a second flaw is required for full configuration changes, but chained exploits are common.

4. Social engineering and targeted attacks

Confirming payment provider configuration lets attackers craft convincing phishing or payment interception schemes directed at site owners or staff.

5. Enumeration and fingerprinting

Attackers may scan many sites to identify those using Mollie via Paytium, building a database for larger campaigns.

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如何檢查您的網站是否存在漏洞

1. Check plugin version in WordPress admin
   WP Admin → Plugins → Installed Plugins → Paytium. If it shows version ≤ 4.3.7, you are affected.
2. Check plugin files (read-only)
   Search the plugin directory for the string check_mollie_account_details 或 check_mollie. If a handler exists and you are on ≤ 4.3.7, assume vulnerable until updated.
3. Confirm whether you can update
   If an update to 4.4+ is available in WP admin, plan to apply it promptly.
4. Optional — test in a staging copy
   Create a staging site and a subscriber account. Test the endpoint in an isolated environment only (do not test against production credentials).

Example (safe read-only search via SSH):

grep -R "check_mollie_account_details" wp-content/plugins/paytium -n || true

Example curl pattern for staging (replace COOKIE and URL accordingly):

curl -X POST "https://staging.example.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" 
  -H "Cookie: <logged-in-subscriber-cookie>" 
  -d "action=check_mollie_account_details&someparam=value"

Do not use production credentials when testing.

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11. 立即緩解措施（如果您無法立即更新）

If you cannot update to 4.4 immediately, apply temporary mitigations to reduce risk. These are stopgaps — not a replacement for updating.

• Restrict access by IP at the webserver — block POSTs to admin-ajax.php with the vulnerable action from untrusted IPs using .htaccess, Nginx rules, or network ACLs. Carefully test to avoid blocking legitimate automation.
• Apply virtual patch rules in your WAF — create a rule to block unauthenticated or low‑privilege requests containing action=check_mollie_account_details. If you use a WAF, run rules in monitoring mode before blocking to prevent false positives.
• 暫時停用插件 — if Paytium is not essential, disable it until patched.
• Disable public registration / audit subscriber accounts — stop new registrations and remove or verify existing subscriber accounts.
• Rotate Mollie API credentials — if you suspect exposure or unusual activity, rotate keys in the Mollie dashboard and update the plugin after patching.
• 啟用日誌記錄和監控 — log admin-ajax.php and REST calls; alert on repeated calls to the vulnerable action.

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開發者指導 — 如何正確修復

If you maintain a plugin or customize Paytium, apply these hardening steps for AJAX and REST endpoints.

WordPress AJAX (admin-ajax.php) best practices

• Verify a nonce for actions intended only for logged‑in users.
• Check capabilities with current_user_can() 。.
• 清理和驗證所有輸入。.
• Return minimal, structured responses and avoid echoing raw external API responses.

Example fix (PHP):

add_action( 'wp_ajax_check_mollie_account_details', 'my_plugin_check_mollie_account_details' );

function my_plugin_check_mollie_account_details() {
    // Verify nonce
    if ( ! isset( $_POST['wp_nonce'] ) || ! wp_verify_nonce( sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_POST['wp_nonce'] ) ), 'my_plugin_nonce_action' ) ) {
        wp_send_json_error( 'Invalid nonce', 403 );
    }

    // Capability check
    if ( ! current_user_can( 'manage_options' ) && ! current_user_can( 'manage_shop' ) ) {
        wp_send_json_error( 'Insufficient privileges', 403 );
    }

    // Sanitize inputs
    $api_key = isset( $_POST['api_key'] ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_POST['api_key'] ) ) : '';

    // External request with timeout and error handling
    $response = wp_remote_post( 'https://api.mollie.com/v2/organizations/me', [
        'headers' => [
            'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $api_key,
            'Accept'        => 'application/json',
        ],
        'timeout' => 5,
    ] );

    if ( is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
        wp_send_json_error( 'External request failed', 502 );
    }

    // Minimal response
    wp_send_json_success( [ 'status' => 'ok' ] );
}

REST API approach

使用 register_rest_route 與一個 permission_callback:

register_rest_route( 'my-plugin/v1', '/check-mollie/', [
    'methods'  => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
    'callback' => 'my_plugin_rest_check_mollie',
    'permission_callback' => function( $request ) {
        return current_user_can( 'manage_options' );
    },
] );

Key controls: permission callbacks, input sanitization, minimal disclosure, and robust error handling.

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WAF / virtual patch recommendations

A Web Application Firewall can reduce risk quickly while you deploy the official plugin update. Suggested rule patterns:

1. Block unauthenticated POSTs to admin-ajax.php with the vulnerable action
   匹配：
   • URL contains /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php
   • POST body contains action=check_mollie_account_details
   • HTTP cookie does not indicate an authenticated admin session

   Action: Block or challenge (403/401). Test in log-only mode first.

2. Rate-limit — throttle repeated calls to the action from the same IP or session.
3. 參數檢查 — flag requests that submit suspicious token patterns without appropriate authentication.
4. Virtual patch REST routes — if a REST route is exposed, block calls to the route from unauthenticated sources.

Always test rules in monitoring mode before blocking to avoid disrupting legitimate traffic.

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Incident response and remediation checklist

If you discover you were vulnerable or saw exploitation attempts, follow this checklist:

1. Update the plugin to 4.4+ immediately.
2. Rotate Mollie API credentials if you suspect leakage or suspicious activity.
3. Review user accounts: remove unknown subscribers and tighten registration controls.
4. Review logs for POSTs to admin-ajax.php or REST endpoints with the vulnerable action; note IPs and patterns.
5. Run a full site malware scan and inspect for unauthorized changes.
6. Revoke and reissue keys for affected third‑party services if needed.
7. Notify stakeholders if payments or user data may have been affected.
8. Harden admin access: enable two‑factor auth, strong passwords, and IP allowlists where feasible.
9. Apply a virtual patch in your WAF until every affected site is updated.
10. Conduct a post‑mortem to address root causes (code review, CI checks, release practices).

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How to prevent similar plugin issues going forward

For plugin maintainers:

• Enforce capability checks and nonces on admin-facing endpoints.
• Treat code that performs external network calls as sensitive and guard it with permissions.
• Include static analysis and code review for AJAX/REST routes without permission checks in your CI.
• Create unit tests asserting expected permission behaviour.
• Document security-related code paths and produce clear changelogs for security fixes.

對於網站擁有者：

• Keep an inventory of plugins and versions; update promptly after testing in staging.
• Limit self‑registration unless necessary; use approval workflows for new accounts.
• Monitor logs and enable protective rules in your hosting or WAF environment.

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Example: Quick file check to detect presence of the vulnerable handler

If you have SSH access, run:

# Look for the handler in the plugin folder
grep -R --line-number "check_mollie_account_details" wp-content/plugins/paytium || true

# Also search for admin-ajax registration patterns without nonce/capability
grep -R --line-number "wp_ajax_" wp-content/plugins/paytium || true

If these strings appear and your plugin is ≤ 4.3.7, update the plugin.

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Why attackers target payment plugins

• They interact with payment providers and often handle API credentials.
• Misconfigurations can be monetized through payment interception or token capture.
• They are widely installed, so mass scanning is effective.
• Payment flows involve user trust; attackers exploit that trust for phishing and fraud.

Even small leaks of information can be combined with other techniques to scale attacks across many sites.

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Final recommendations — a concise action plan

1. Check plugin version. If Paytium ≤ 4.3.7, update to 4.4+ immediately.
2. 如果您無法立即更新：
   • 禁用插件，或
   • Apply WAF rule(s) to block access to the vulnerable action, or
   • Disable user registration and audit subscriber accounts.
3. Rotate any API keys if you detect suspicious activity.
4. Scan your site for malware and unauthorized changes.
5. Harden admin operations: strong passwords, two‑factor auth, limited IP access.
6. Consider a managed security service or WAF for baseline protections while you maintain patch cycles — choose providers carefully and validate rule behaviour in staging.

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If you require assistance implementing mitigations, virtual patches, or reviewing plugin code, engage a trusted security consultant or your hosting provider’s security team. As practitioners in Hong Kong, we recommend prioritising prompt updates and clear logging to reduce exposure quickly.