Notes:

• Tune rules for your environment to avoid false positives (legitimate SVG or admin workflows may be affected).
• If your WAF can detect authenticated user roles from cookies, target rules to block Contributor-level requests to avoid impacting admins.
• Virtual patching reduces risk but does not replace fixing the plugin code.

How to clean a compromised site (incident response)

1. Isolate: Put the site in maintenance mode or take it offline if possible.
2. Snapshot & backup: Export files and DB for forensic analysis before changes.
3. Identify malicious artifacts: Search DB for <script, onerror=, javascript:, unexpected iframes, and remote script includes. Check theme and plugin files for recent modifications or obfuscated code.
4. Remove malicious entries: Clean or remove malicious post/postmeta/option entries using wp-cli or a DB editor.
5. Rotate credentials: Reset admin passwords, force password resets for users, revoke API keys and server credentials if needed.
6. Harden accounts: Remove unused contributor accounts, enforce strong passwords, and require 2FA for admins where possible.
7. Restore or patch: If you have a clean backup, restore and then harden. Keep the vulnerable plugin disabled until a fixed release is available.
8. Post-clean monitoring: Monitor logs, integrity checks and search engine blacklisting for at least 30 days.
9. Document: Record scope, actions and timelines for internal tracking and any compliance needs.

Prevention and hardening recommendations

• Principle of least privilege — grant Contributor role sparingly and vet accounts.
• Registration policy — disable open registrations or require manual approval and email verification.
• Content moderation — require pending review workflows for contributor submissions.
• Regular scanning — schedule scans for XSS patterns and file changes.
• Harden output — implement a site-wide CSP that disallows inline scripts and restricts script sources.
• Plugin governance — maintain an inventory of plugins and remove unmaintained ones.
• Coding best practices — sanitize on input and escape on output using WordPress APIs.

Developer remediation checklist (for plugin maintainers)

• Add input sanitization for every user-submitted field.
• Escape all output with appropriate functions (esc_attr, esc_html, esc_js, wp_kses_post).
• Remove dangerous markup from stored values: no <script>, no event attributes, no javascript: URIs.
• Add capability checks and nonces on forms.
• Add automated tests and fuzzing to detect unsanitized outputs.
• Publish a patch and notify users; provide migration steps if DB changes are required.
• Recommend administrators perform DB scans and clean malicious entries.

Quick detection commands

Useful wp-cli and shell commands:

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