發生了什麼 — 為網站擁有者和管理員的摘要

在 Colibri 頁面建構器插件中發現了一個儲存型跨站腳本（XSS）漏洞，影響版本高達 1.0.345（含）。具有貢獻者（或更高）權限的經過身份驗證的用戶可以插入內容，該內容在前端呈現時未經充分清理。由於該向量是儲存的，惡意腳本將保留在數據庫中，並在受影響的短代碼被呈現時在訪問者的瀏覽器中執行。.

• 受影響的軟體： WordPress 的 Colibri 頁面建構器插件
• 易受攻擊的版本： ≤ 1.0.345
• 修復於： 1.0.358
• CVE： CVE‑2025‑11747
• 所需權限： 貢獻者
• 漏洞類別： 儲存的跨站腳本攻擊（XSS）
• CVSS（報告）： CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L（約 6.5）

儲存型 XSS 通常被低估。結合弱會話控制、特權提升或社會工程，儲存型 XSS 可以實現帳戶接管、在您自己的域名下進行網絡釣魚、驅動式惡意軟件和內容操縱。.

為什麼這很重要 — 現實影響場景

儲存型 XSS 是危險的，因為攻擊者可以持久化有效載荷並針對任何查看受影響頁面的用戶。現實結果包括：

• 對具有提升權限的用戶的會話盜竊或令牌暴露（如果 cookies 或令牌未得到妥善保護）。.
• 惡意重定向或 UI 偽造，以欺騙管理員執行敏感操作。.
• 插入後門、基於 JavaScript 的惡意軟件或損害 SEO 和聲譽的內容。.
• 通過社會工程進行升級 — 攻擊者說服編輯或管理員查看或預覽受損內容。.

由於貢獻者帳戶（通常用於客座作者或外部合作者）可以利用此向量，因此接受外部內容而未經嚴格審查的網站風險更高。.

攻擊者如何（理論上）利用這個漏洞

1. 攻擊者註冊或使用現有的貢獻者帳戶。.
2. 他們創建或編輯包含易受攻擊的短代碼或由 Colibri 處理的短代碼屬性的內容，嵌入未經適當清理的腳本有效載荷。.
3. 內容被保存到 WordPress 數據庫中。.
4. 當前端用戶（訪客、編輯或管理員）查看該頁面時，存儲的有效載荷在他們的瀏覽器上下文中運行。.
5. 有效載荷可以竊取 cookies、向攻擊者發送數據，或執行受害者的會話和瀏覽器上下文允許的操作。.

利用需要一個貢獻者帳戶和用戶互動（查看或預覽頁面）。它不會輕易地在不同網站之間傳播，但可以在單個網站內迅速武器化並通過社會工程學升級。.

注意：此處未提供任何利用代碼或有效載荷。如果您正在對此問題進行分類，請在隔離的測試實例上進行，並遵循負責任的披露實踐。.

每個網站所有者應立即採取的行動（按順序）

1. 更新插件

   立即將 Colibri Page Builder 更新到 1.0.358 或更高版本。如果您有複雜的自定義，請在測試環境中測試更新。如果測試環境不可用，請在更新之前進行完整備份（數據庫 + 文件）。.

2. 審核最近的內容和短代碼

   在帖子、頁面、小部件和帖子元數據中搜索不尋常的短代碼模式和可疑屬性。查找意外的 片段（有時是混淆的）或短代碼中的可疑屬性值。對於您不認識的貢獻者插入的內容進行隔離或刪除。.

3. 限制貢獻者的能力（臨時緩解）

   暫時限制貢獻者角色的能力，以防止添加或編輯短代碼，或要求編輯在發布之前進行審核。如果可能，撤銷外部貢獻者的訪問權限，直到您完成更新和內容審核。.

4. 啟用虛擬修補 / WAF 規則

   如果您運行 Web 應用防火牆或使用托管安全服務，請啟用檢測和阻止特定短代碼注入模式的規則。虛擬修補減少了無法立即應用插件更新的網站的風險。.

5. 加固與監控

   在修復後強制登出特權帳戶的活動會話。審查最近的變更（用戶創建、帖子編輯）並檢查伺服器日誌以查找可疑活動。增加管理頁面和發布/預覽操作的日誌記錄，以檢測利用嘗試。.

6. 清理與恢復

   從數據庫中刪除惡意內容（帖子、帖子元數據、選項）。如果立即清理不可行，請重置或禁用易受攻擊的插件短代碼。如果您懷疑有洩漏，請撤銷並重新發放 API 密鑰或令牌。.

如何搜尋您的網站以查找可能的惡意儲存有效載荷（安全方法）

首先使用只讀搜尋 — 在查看結果之前不要執行自動替換。.

示例 WP‑CLI 數據庫查詢（如有需要，調整表前綴）：

wp db query "SELECT ID, post_title, post_type FROM wp_posts WHERE post_content LIKE '%[colibri%' LIMIT 200;"

搜尋 postmeta 和選項：

wp db query "SELECT meta_id, post_id, meta_key, meta_value FROM wp_postmeta WHERE meta_value LIKE '%[colibri%' LIMIT 200;"

其他指導：

• 使用 WordPress 編輯器搜尋可疑的短碼片段和文本小工具。.
• 使用基於正則表達式的掃描工具查找嵌入的 JavaScript：查找 javascript:、onerror=、onload=、<script 或編碼片段，例如 <script。示例搜尋正則表達式： (
• Be prepared for false positives; always review matches manually.

If you find malicious content, remove or sanitize it and keep an offline copy for forensic analysis.

Remediation checklist for administrators (detailed)

• Backup: Full site backup (files + DB) before remediation. Export flagged posts/pages for analysis.
• Update: Update Colibri Page Builder to 1.0.358 or later. Update WordPress core, plugins and themes while you’re at it.
• Scan and clean: Run a thorough malware scan (file system & database). Search and remove suspicious shortcodes and inline scripts. Replace or sanitize user‑supplied content that should not contain HTML/JS.
• Audit roles and users: Verify all user accounts. Disable or remove unknown users. Force password resets for Contributor and higher roles. Limit untrusted contributors until issue resolved.
• Harden editor workflow: Require editors to review contributor submissions. Consider stripping HTML from contributor submissions where possible.
• Monitoring: Enable activity logging for post create/update actions. Monitor front‑end errors and suspicious outbound requests.
• Incident response: If you detect exploitation, inform impacted users, rotate secrets (API keys, OAuth tokens), and consider professional forensic review for broader compromises.

Why a WAF (or virtual patching) matters for stored XSS

A Web Application Firewall provides an extra defensive layer while you deploy a vendor patch or perform content clean‑up. Typical WAF capabilities that help with stored XSS include:

• Virtual patching — targeted rules to block or sanitize requests and content patterns associated with the vulnerability (shortcode tokens, suspicious encodings, script fragments).
• Content scanning — automated scans to detect suspicious shortcode usage and inline script fragments in the database.
• Attack detection & alerts — notifications for administrators when likely exploitation attempts are observed.
• Least‑privilege guidance — configuration advice to limit the ability of low‑privilege users to submit shortcodes or raw HTML.

Virtual patching buys time if you cannot immediately update because of custom themes, staging limitations, or business processes. However, virtual patching is not a replacement for applying the vendor fix and cleaning stored content.

Practical example — rules and blocking approaches (conceptual)

Below are conceptual patterns for detection or blocking. These must be adapted and tuned to your environment to avoid false positives.

1. Block POST requests to admin endpoints (post.php, admin-ajax.php) that include both “[colibri” and script tokens such as “javascript:” or “onerror=”.
2. Sanitise or deny dangerous HTML tags in submissions from untrusted roles: <script>, <iframe>, <object> etc.
3. Monitor encoding tricks (e.g., <script or entity‑encoded payloads) and flag combinations of entities and suspicious tokens.

Conceptual ModSecurity‑style pseudo‑rule (illustrative only):

SecRule REQUEST_URI|ARGS_POST "@contains [colibri" "id:'900001',phase:2,deny,log,msg:'Possible Colibri shortcode XSS attempt',chain"
  SecRule REQUEST_BODY|ARGS_POST "@rx (javascript:|<script|onerror\s*=|onload\s*=|<)" "t:none"

Effective protection requires tuning and testing to avoid breaking legitimate content.

Safe triage: how to remove stored malicious content without breaking a site

1. Identify suspect content and export it first (offline copy).
2. Do not run blanket automated replacements — verify each item.
3. For posts/pages with shortcodes: edit and remove the shortcode content, replacing with a safe placeholder. If shortcode content is critical, export it and sanitize offline before reimport.
4. If many items are affected, consider disabling the plugin temporarily while cleaning.
5. After cleaning, re‑enable the plugin and test in staging before restoring to production.

Developer guidance — secure coding and hardening for shortcode handlers

• Always sanitize and escape output. Use appropriate WordPress escaping functions (esc_attr(), esc_html(), wp_kses_post(), etc.) according to context.
• Validate allowed input with whitelists for attributes and acceptable formats.
• Avoid permitting raw HTML in attributes that get rendered without escaping.
• Use nonce checks and capability checks in admin AJAX endpoints.
• Ensure only trusted roles can use shortcodes that accept HTML or scriptable content.
• Harden preview/publish workflows so potentially harmful content is reviewed before rendering to privileged users.

If you develop themes or plugins that integrate with this page builder, review your code paths to ensure untrusted content is not passed through without sanitization.

Detection guidance — what to watch for post‑remediation

• Unexpected content changes to pages or posts (especially by Contributors).
• New redirects or a spike in 404s followed by suspicious redirects.
• Browser dev tools showing outgoing requests to unknown third‑party domains when viewing pages.
• User reports of phishing or redirection after visiting site pages.
• Search engine or browser safety service warnings about malicious scripts.

If you detect signs of exploitation, take the site into maintenance mode, capture forensic snapshots, and follow recovery steps.

Hosting provider / agency checklist

• Inventory: identify all sites running the affected plugin and version.
• Prioritise: high‑traffic and admin‑heavy sites first.
• Automation: use a patch management process to push updates to staging and production after testing.
• Virtual patching: apply targeted WAF rules across affected sites to reduce exposure while updates are queued.
• Client communication: inform clients of the issue, remediation plan, and any potential service impact.
• Post‑remediation reporting: provide clients a summary of actions, findings, and recommended hardening.

Long term recommendations to reduce risk from third‑party plugins

• Maintain a plugin inventory and automated version tracking.
• Use staging for plugin updates and regression testing; avoid ad‑hoc live updates on production.
• Apply least privilege to user accounts; limit Contributor privileges where possible.
• Keep a content review process for external contributors and strip HTML from submissions if not needed.
• Remove unused plugins and themes, and perform periodic plugin audits.
• Monitor security advisories and vendor notices relevant to installed plugins.

What to do if you cannot update immediately

• Disable the plugin temporarily if it is non‑essential.
• If disabling is not possible:
  • Temporarily disable global shortcode rendering (this affects all shortcodes):

  <?php
  // Example: disable shortcode rendering globally (temporary)
  remove_filter('the_content', 'do_shortcode', 11);
  ?>

  • Restrict Contributor accounts and require editor review of all submissions.
  • Apply virtual patching rules at the WAF level to block likely exploit payloads while you prepare updates and clean content.
  • Conduct an urgent content audit and remove suspicious entries.

About responsible disclosure and CVE

This issue is tracked as CVE‑2025‑11747. When you discover similar vulnerabilities, follow responsible disclosure: notify the plugin vendor with sufficient reproduction details, avoid public exploit code until a patch is available, and coordinate disclosure to minimize harm.

Example incident timeline (how to manage an incident quickly)

1. Detection (0–1 hour): Scanner or WAF alert indicates suspicious shortcode content. Start an incident log.
2. Containment (1–3 hours): Enable WAF rules to block the pattern where possible. Restrict contributor access.
3. Investigation (3–12 hours): Identify affected pages, export suspicious content for safe review.
4. Eradication (12–48 hours): Remove malicious content, update plugin to 1.0.358, apply hardening.
5. Recovery (48–72 hours): Restore normal operations, monitor logs and user reports.
6. Lessons learned (within 1 week): Update processes, improve monitoring, and inform stakeholders.

Final recommendations — pragmatic priorities

1. Update Colibri Page Builder to 1.0.358 immediately.
2. Run a targeted content scan for shortcodes and inline scripts.
3. If you cannot update, restrict Contributor privileges and enable WAF/virtual patching.
4. Audit user accounts and sessions; force resets where appropriate.
5. Implement patching and monitoring processes to reduce future exposure windows.

If you need assistance

If you lack in‑house expertise, engage a reputable incident response or managed security provider to help with virtual patching, content cleanup, and forensic investigation. Prioritise providers with experience in WordPress incident response and database‑level remediation.